Concentric squares whose disorder grows with distance from the centre, the way trade falls with distance in a gravity equation. Drawn once for you on arrival. No two visits see the same print.
Around the economist, the pioneers’ forms drawing his own subjects: borders, passports, treaties, sea lanes, migrations, distance.
0.02Frontièresafter Vera Molnár, Interruptions, 1968–69Algorithm, HTML canvas · 2026One hundred passports against one hundred destinations: a stroke where the border opens without a visa, a short one for a visa on arrival, a gap where it does not. The French passport in red. Drawn from the Passport Index.0.03Passeportsafter Georg Nees, Schotter, 1968Algorithm, HTML canvas · 2026One square for each of the world's 199 passports, from the one that opens the most borders to the one that opens the fewest. The fewer the doors, the more the square tumbles. Colombia in red.0.04Traitésafter Vera Molnár, (Dés)Ordres, 1974Algorithm, HTML canvas · 2026Four hundred and fifty trade agreements in order of signature, one square each, nested as deep as the agreement is wide. In red, the ones that let business travellers through. Drawn from FtaCoder.
0.01The researcherIllustration · Paris
0.05Routesafter Frieder Nake, Polygonzug, 1965Algorithm, HTML canvas · 2026Seven ways across the oceans, to scale: round the capes in black, through Suez and Panama and over the pole in red.0.06Migrationsafter Frieder Nake, Polygonzug, 1965Algorithm, HTML canvas · 2026Twenty-two walks starting on one side of a border; the ones that cross it turn red. Illustrative.0.07Distancesafter Manfred Mohr, Cubic Limit, 1973–75Algorithm, HTML canvas · 2026Cubes that keep fewer of their edges the further they sit from the centre, the way trade falls with distance. Illustrative.
I study how distance in all its forms, treaties, visas, sea lanes, politics, shapes trade, migration and development. Ph.D. from Sciences Po; past stops at Princeton, Yale, the LSE and the OECD.
Published papers and working papers, each with a print drawn from its own subject and a label that says how. The catalogue has every abstract and citation.
Published
1.01
Free Trade Agreements and the Movement of Business People
Journal of Economic Geography · Volume 25, Issue 1, January 2025, pages 93–126
Thirty economies on a ring and a chord for every trade agreement between two of them, in red where the agreement eases the movement of business people. Drawn from the 450 agreements read by FtaCoder.
Journal of Development Economics · Volume 140, September 2019, pages 106–126
Thirty economies: each row a passport, each column a destination. A stroke where the traveller crosses without a visa, a short one for a visa on arrival, a gap where a visa stands in the way. Schengen passports in red. Drawn from the Passport Index.
Domestic transport costs, Canada, and the Panama Canal
CEPII Working Paper · N°2017-02, February 2017
New York → San Francisco twice, to scale: round Cape Horn in black, through the Panama Canal in red, the shortcut that re-drew Canada's domestic trade costs.
London → Mumbai twice, to scale: round the Cape of Good Hope in black, through Suez in red. The difference is the distance the paper measures trade against.
A noisy daily search signal in black and the growth line nowcast through it in red, the way the model reads the ICT sector before the statistics arrive.